Want To Learn About Light Pollution? There’s A Mini-Course For That

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Light pollution is the excessive or unnecessary artificial light produced by human activities, which causes adverse effects on the natural environment and living organisms. This phenomenon occurs when urban areas, industrial developments, and other human activities emit bright, unshielded lights into the natural environment, obstructing the sky’s view and disrupting the natural lighting cycles that many organisms rely on.

Light pollution has several negative effects on ecosystems, including disrupting natural light patterns for plants and animals, which can affect breeding, migration, and feeding habits. Additionally, excessive artificial light can also have negative impacts on human health, such as increased sleep disturbance, melatonin suppression, and eye strain. Like most other animals, we need some darkness at night for our health.

Sounds like a simple topic, right? But, it’s not as simple as turning the lights down or off, and it doesn’t mean you have to go without needed light to solve or reduce the problem. So, if you want to be able to do something about light pollution, you have to learn more about the topic. Fortunately, the International Dark-Sky Association has a mini-course you can take online to learn more about light pollution.

Light Pollution 101

The first thing covered is what light pollution is. It comes in three main forms:

• Skyglow: The light over populated areas that looks like a dome
• Glare: Direct excess light that blinds people
• Light Trespass: Light falling where it’s not intended or needed

Each of these forms of light pollution have different solutions, but the solutions work together to reduce the overall problem, especially skyglow. More on that below.

The course then gets into some facts and figures about light pollution. Sadly, 80% of the world sits under light-polluted skies and the light pollution is increasing by 2% per year. Even worse, all but one percent of the populations of the US and Europe live under light pollution. So, 99% of readers are probably living under a sky that disrupts their circadian rhythm, and thus messes up our health, along with many species of animals and plants.

On top of the health effects is the effect on climate change. Wasted energy making unneeded light contributes hundreds of millions of tons of CO2, so the effects will compound. Species already suffering from pointless light at the wrong places and times get to experience both that negative and the stresses of temperature changes.

They also get into a problematic bit of misinformation about lighting: that bright light makes us safe. Studies show us that light levels don’t improve safety from crime or accidents, and bright lights in the city could even increase the risk of these problems. Overly bright light gives criminals places to hide, especially in hard shadows. Glare and blinding light can cause more accidents than it solves, for obvious reasons.

Ways To Solve The Light Pollution Problem

In the next section, five principles are introduced for using light responsibly. They are:

• All light should have a purpose
• Light should be directed only where needed
• Light should be no brighter than needed
• Light should be used only when useful
• Use warmer light when possible

What’s great about these principles is that they aren’t something you’d hear from some “eco-Nazi” who wants people to go without something they want or need for the environment. Instead, they take a balanced approach that gives all animals (including us) a better shot at having needs taken care of.

This layered approach starts by asking people to stop using pointless light (light that serves no useful purpose). Then, they advocate for keeping the light we need (and maybe even some of what we want, like decorative light), but only where it’s needed or wanted (with cutoff lamps) and in amounts that make sense (dimming). It’s also wise to use timers and/or motion sensors to minimize light to only when we need it.

The end result isn’t perfect from the perspective of people who think we need tons of light at night, but it lets people still enjoy their lives while not pointlessly harming animals (including ourselves, as we have circadian rhythms, too). It can also save you some money on your electric bill.

How The Organization Helps With The Light Pollution Issue

In the next section, the course discusses some of the things the IDA does to reduce light pollution. I don’t want to cover everything in this article, because I’m focusing on the issue of light pollution itself, but they explain some of their most important programs. These include designation of dark sky places to protect, volunteer programs, advocacy programs, and resources for learning (like the mini-course I took).

Why Light Pollution Matters

You’d think that a lot of exposure to dark sky areas (like those on this map) would help someone gain more appreciation for it, but in my case, the opposite was true when I was younger. Growing up in a rural area and spending time with family in wilderness areas left me with a sense that dark skies were somewhat normal. I knew that the light situation in El Paso, Phoenix, and other cities I had been to wasn’t great, but in the western United States, it’s a lot darker between the cities than it is east of the Mississippi and in other more densely populated parts of the world.

As I got older, I traveled a lot more and saw the problem more for what it is. Not only did I see that in many places there is no refuge from it, but I also saw that it was slowly getting worse. Places that had been dark 30 years ago had more and more light creeping up on the horizon, so what I’d seen elsewhere could be a sign of what’s to come in the West.

I really enjoy taking my kids out to see dark skies in places like the Gila Cliff Dwellings, the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, and parts of Southern Utah. I’d like for them to have the opportunity to share the view with any kids they may have.

In other words, we owe it to future generations to not destroy the night sky just like we owe it to them to not destroy every other natural system on this planet that we depend on. Not only is it their birthright to see what we saw, but their health and the health of countless non-human animals also depends on it.

Featured Image: Screenshot from DarkSiteFinder.com