CleanTechnica is the #1 cleantech-focused
website
 in the world. Subscribe today!


Clean Power astounding

Published on August 6th, 2009 | by Susan Kraemer

18

Six Tiny Utilities Buy "Scientifically Impossible" Energy

Share on Google+Share on RedditShare on StumbleUponTweet about this on TwitterShare on LinkedInShare on FacebookPin on PinterestDigg thisShare on TumblrBuffer this pageEmail this to someone

August 6th, 2009 by  

[social_buttons]

Blacklight Power has signed a contract with Akridge in Maryland, marking the sixth utility to sign up for a mysterious form of energy that defies quantum physics. The company claims that it can create energy by lowering the energy level of hydrogen atoms to below their “ground” state. Most scientists agree that this is impossible.

But that hasn’t stopped “six utilities” from signing on for the theoretical power, (though one of the utilities; Akridge Energy LLC is apparently owned by a property company.)

In an increasingly anti-science culture, scientific consensus doesn’t count for much, but the consensus is that you can’t lower hydrogen atoms below their ground state.

Most scientists agree that this violates the laws of quantum physics.

The six utilities are going out on a limb. Or perhaps they know something we don’t:

Blacklight’s founder; Randell Mills claims he found a way to produce a theoretical form of the hydrogen atom. Although Mills who is a Harvard trained medical doctor, has had trouble claiming patents in the past, two are listed as granted on the USPTO website: 7,188,033, on rendering the chemical bonds of hydrogen, and 6,024,935, on methods for releasing energy from hydrogen atoms. Blacklight’s most recent study titled Commercializable Power Source from Forming New States of Hydrogen is on his website.

The hydrino is a theoretical form in which the electron has entered a lower orbit — meaning the atom itself contains less energy. Mills decided that he could not only produce hydrinos, but also capture the energy released during the transition from hydrogen, using it to generate electricity.

When the hydrino is created through a reaction between hydrogen and a catalyst, according to Mills, it lets go of more than enough energy to fuel electrolysis in common water, thus producing more hydrogen. The excess energy — the majority — would go to producing electricity. The only outside ingredients needed are a catalyst, (which one?) to turn the hydrogen to hydrinos, and heat (which would also be generated once the reaction had started). And the hydrinos created by the process? They’re non-reactive and can be released to float up into space, as they’re lighter than helium. Or be processed into unique chemicals with a range of useful applications.

Venturebeat is saying that BLP has received $10 million from Shelby Brewer, the assistant secretary of nuclear energy under Reagan, among others like electric utilities Conectiv and Pacificorp. Most of the investors are undisclosed.

Between its six deals, the company has given out rights to use the mysterious and secretive process to produce 8,000 megawatts of electricity overall for almost a million customers. Oh, and this theoretical energy would cost $0.01 cent a kwh.

What’s interesting is that Blacklight has now shred its cloak of secrecy. Theories and press releases are one thing, but publicly demonstrating a new way to generate energy is easy to prove — does it work, or not?

Blacklight is not publicly traded and doesn’t appear to be looking for money; so there is little motivation to claim a nonexistent process. On the other hand, if it works, a public demonstration settles it.

This could be a groundbreaking year for quantum physics. Or not.

Photo by the Author

Via Venturebeat

Keep up to date with all the hottest cleantech news by subscribing to our (free) cleantech newsletter, or keep an eye on sector-specific news by getting our (also free) solar energy newsletter, electric vehicle newsletter, or wind energy newsletter.



Share on Google+Share on RedditShare on StumbleUponTweet about this on TwitterShare on LinkedInShare on FacebookPin on PinterestDigg thisShare on TumblrBuffer this pageEmail this to someone

Tags: , , , ,


About the Author

writes at CleanTechnica, CSP-Today, PV-Insider , SmartGridUpdate, and GreenProphet. She has also been published at Ecoseed, NRDC OnEarth, MatterNetwork, Celsius, EnergyNow, and Scientific American. As a former serial entrepreneur in product design, Susan brings an innovator's perspective on inventing a carbon-constrained civilization: If necessity is the mother of invention, solving climate change is the mother of all necessities! As a lover of history and sci-fi, she enjoys chronicling the strange future we are creating in these interesting times.    Follow Susan on Twitter @dotcommodity.



  • WillliamJohnsonn

    After founding Magnetic Power Inc in the mid-eighties, Mark Goldes and MPI proceeded to develop most of the fraudcraftings which would serve as Goldes’ offerings in fraudcraft for the next thirty years, not only at MPI, but also at Chava Energy LLC, and at his so-called “Aesop Institute.” Goldes’ partnership with Hagen Ruff, the other Co-founder (as well as CEO) of Chava Energy LLC, gave the Goldes-MPI fraudcraft a new lease on life, and accordingly it may now be termed most properly the “Goldes-Ruff Fraudcraft.” For the past five years or more, while serving as a Co-founder and a Chief Officer of Chava Energy LLC, Goldes used his mgoldes @ chavaenergy dot com email address as his Aesop Institute email address as well, at least until his very recent ejection from Chava Energy. In practice, Goldes made continual use of Aesop Institute to bring investors to Chava Energy, which for five years has based its pretenses on nearly all the same fraudcraft used by Goldes at Aesop Institute. The common fraudcraft included the fraudcraftings of pretended development of water-fueled “Fractional Hydrogen” engines, of generators supposedly powered by Zero Point Energy, of “Ultraconductor” wire and “Ultraconductor” energy storage systems, and of strictly ambient heat engines – along with endless false claims that these concepts were currently being “prototyped,” and would soon provide wonderful alternatives to fossil fuels.

    For five years, Hagen Ruff allowed Mark Goldes, a Co-founder as well as a Chief Officer of Chava Energy, not only to use his mgoldes @ chavaenergy dot com email address to solicit loans to Goldes’ so-called “Aesop Institute,” but simultaneously to solicit loans to Aesop Institute and investments in Chava Energy in the course of discussions and communications with prospects who had reached Goldes by way of aesopinstitute. In effect, Ruff allowed Aesop Institute to become a fund-raising extension of Chava Energy. Starting in 2009, if not before, Goldes posted thousands of fraudulent comments advertising the aesopinstitute website and promoting the Goldes-Ruff fraudcraftings on dozens of different websites. On Huffington Post alone, as the user “Overtone,” he posted over three thousand such comments. When people contacted Goldes after visiting the aesopinstitute website, they would learn from Goldes not only about Aesop Institute but also about Chava Energy, and Goldes would solicit loans to Aesop Institute or investment in Chava Energy, whichever the prospect preferred, at the same time. This was his standard practice for years. By allowing this entangling of Aesop Institute with Chava Energy LLC, Ruff has incurred responsibility not only for the false and fraudulent pretenses of Chava Energy, but for those of Mark Goldes’ “Aesop Institute” as well. For this reason, although neither the Kenneth Rauen strictly ambient heat engine pretense nor the Boris Kondrashov self-powered turbine pretense have been directly used or presented by Chava Energy, as they have by Aesop Institute, they still deserve full recognition within the ensemble of Goldes-Ruff fraudcraftings.

    For five years since it was founded, Chava Energy LLC tried to promote itself chiefly by means of false and fraudulent claims and pretenses, that it was developing “revolutionary energy breakthroughs,” including “Fractional Hydrogen” engines utilizing nonexistent states of hydrogen, magical Ambient Temperature Thermionic Converters, and magnetic generators supposedly harnessing Zero Point Energy.

    An “MPI Overview And Summary” produced by MPI in late 2008 actually lists Hagen Ruff as the Chief Executive Officer of MPI, as well as a Director of MPI; Mark Goldes, who had been the CEO of MPI for two decades, is listed only as Chairman. This document also shows that a major component 0f the Goldes-Ruff Fraudcraft was already well developed in 2008: namely, the fraudulent pretense that the worthless “revolutionary breakthroughs” claimed by Goldes and Ruff could provide alternatives to fossil fuels and thereby shift the global economy “from one dependent on fossil fuels to one that exists on clean, fuel-free, distributed power” and thereby “help offset the consequences of global warming.” At the time when Hagen Ruff, as CEO of MPI, allowed this and many similar statements to be included in the 2008 “MPI Overview,” MPI was claiming among its “breakthroughs” all but one of the seven fraudcraftings – all but Kondrashov’s self-powered air compressor, which
    Goldes discovered in 2013. Ruff and Goldes knew perfectly well that not one of MPI’s six claimed “breakthroughs” represented anything more thanan empty pretense.

    If Chava Energy’s claims regarding their pretended Revolutionary Breakthrough development of “Fractional Hydrogen” “SPICE” engines, Ambient Temperature Thermionic Converters, “Ultraconductor” wire, “Ultraconductor Energy Storage Systems,” and Zero Point Energy harvesting “MagGen” generators were not false and fraudulent, why did Hagen Ruff suddenly remove those claims from Chava’s website?

    In fact, all of those fraudulent claims came originally from the very same source: Chava Energy Co-founder and Chief Market Research Officer Mark Goldes, and Goldes’ previous company, Magnetic Power Inc.

    We do find and state that Hagen Ruff’s Chava Energy LLC has made a great many utterly false and fraudulent claims and statements, showing very unscrupulous dishonesty, on the matters of “Fractional Hydrogen” engines, Ambient Temperature Thermionic Converters, and “MagGen”
    generators that supposedly harness Zero Point Energy. Chava Energy’s claims and statements regarding “Ultraconductor” wire and “Ultraconductor Energy Storage Systems” were also false and dishonest in various ways.

    The relentless and pervasive dishonesty, fraudulence, and unscrupulousness, that characterized Mark Goldes’ use of his company Magnetic Power Inc for over twenty years prior to the founding of Chava Energy LLC, has also characterized Mark Goldes’ and Hagen Ruff’s use of Chava Energy LLC and Aesop Institute since 2009.

    http://physicsreviewboard.wordpress.com/category/goldes-ruff-fraudcraft/

  • Keyto Clearskies

    Aesop Institute is an elaborate fraud, operated by Mark Goldes.

    Mark Goldes, starting in the mid-seventies, engaged for several years in the pretense that his company SunWind Ltd was developing a nearly production-ready, road-worthy, wind-powered “windmobile,” based on the windmobile invented by James Amick; and that therefore SunWind would be a wonderful investment opportunity.

    After SunWind “dried up” in 1983, Goldes embarked on the long-running pretense that his company Room Temperature Superconductors Inc was developing room-temperature superconductors; and that therefore Room Temperature Superconductors Inc would be a wonderful investment opportunity. He continues the pretense that the company developed something useful, even to this day.

    And then Goldes embarked on the pretense that his company Magnetic Power Inc was developing “NO FUEL ENGINES” based on “Virtual Photon Flux;” and then, on the pretense that MPI was developing horn-powered “NO FUEL ENGINES” based on the resonance of magnetized tuning-rods; and then, on the pretense that his company Chava Energy was developing water-fueled engines based on “collapsing hydrogen orbitals;” and then, on the pretense that he was developing ambient-heat-powered “NO FUEL ENGINES.” Goldes has even claimed that Jacob T. Wainwright already patented an ambient-heat-powered engine 100 years ago – even though Wainwright himself certainly never made any such claim, at all. Wainwright’s only patent for a turbine or engine was not for any ambient-heat-powered engine, but for a pressurized-gaseous-fluid-powered engine. The innovation of the patent was the use of water to reduce speed – not any use of ambient heat.

    Goldes’ forty-year career of “revolutionary invention” pretense has nothing to do with science, but only with pseudoscience and pseudophysics – his lifelong stock-in-trade.

    I have spent months investigating the career of Mark Goldes, Aesop Institute’s Perpetual Scam Machine.

    1976: Goldes seeks investors with fraudulent claims to have developed a nearly production-ready, road-worthy, wind-propelled, wind-rechargeable “windmobile” that could reach 60 mph. Goldes has never developed any roadworthy windmobile.

    1998: Goldes fools the gullible US Air Force with his “room temperature superconductor” scam, receiving over four hundred thousand dollars in “Innovative Research” grants. Goldes has never produced any superconductor.

    2005: Goldes seeks investors with fraudulent claims that his company, MPI, is developing “Magnetic Power Modules” based on “Virtual Photon Flux.”

    2008: Goldes seeks investors with fraudulent claims that “MPI is also developing breakthrough magnetic energy technologies including POWERGENIE (Power Generation of Electricity by Nondestructive Interference of Energy).” The basic idea of POWERGENIE is to generate electricity from sound energy, by blowing a horn at a magnetized tuning rod. Goldes claims to have “run an electric car for more than 4,800 miles with no need to plug-in.” According to Goldes, “[MPI] Revenues from licenses and Joint Ventures are conservatively projected to exceed $1 billion annually by 2012.”

    2009: Goldes seeks investors with fraudulent claims that his latest scamporation, Chava Energy, “has been developing enhanced theoretical and practical paths that lead towards commercialization of energy conversion systems that utilize hydrinos.” He now claims to be “developing a Self Powered Internal Combustion Engine – SPICE(tm) powered by hydrinos.” (“Hydrinos” are pure fiction and do not exist.)

    “For over 20 years Mark Goldes has claimed his company MPI has been developing machines that generate energy for free. In over 20 years his company has not presented one shred of evidence that they can build such machines…

    “For the past five years Mark Goldes has been promising generators ‘next year.’ He has never delivered. Like ‘Alice in Wonderland’ there will always be jam tomorrow, but never jam today.”

    – Penny Gruber, December 2008

    – Gruber’s comment was written almost five years ago – but it’s just as true today – except that MPI, Goldes’ corporation that he claimed would bring in one billion dollars in revenue from his horn-powered generator in 2012, is now defunct, having never produced any “Magnetic Power Modules” – just as his company called “Room Temperature Superconductors Inc” is also now defunct, having never produced any “room temperature superconductors.” Evidently there’s a limit to how many years in a row the same company can claim it will finally have something to demonstrate “next year.” Now Goldes has a new scamporation, Chava Energy.

    Goldes’ current favorite scam is an engine that would run on ambient heat – which is clearly ruled out by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. But of course, the laws of physics always make an exception for the scams of Mark Goldes.

    Mark Goldes is a textbook-ready example of a highly talented con artist who clearly takes pleasure in fooling people with his ludicrous claims, artfully peppered with pseudoscientific rubbish.

    Make no mistake: Mark Goldes’ scamtastic Aesop Institute is a ZERO-STAR nonprofit.

    Let’s look at just one example of Goldes’ offerings in “revolutionary new technology:”

    Most Ludicrous Scamvention: Mark Goldes’ “POWERGENIE”

    One of the most laughable of Mark Goldes’ many invention scams is his “POWERGENIE” horn-powered generator. The brilliant idea of this revolutionary breakthrough is to blow a horn at a magnetized tuning rod, designed to resonate at the frequency of the horn, and then collect the electromotive energy produced by the vibrations of the rod.

    I’m not making this up.

    POWERGENIE tuning rod engine explained – from the patent:

    [The device incorporates] “an energy transfer and multiplier element being constructed of a ferromagnetic substance… having a natural resonance, due to a physical structure whose dimensions are directly proportional to the wavelength of the resonance frequency…”

    “In this resonant condition, the rod material functions as a tuned waveguide, or longitudinal resonator, for acoustic energy.”

    “Ferrite rod 800 is driven to acoustic resonance at the second harmonic of its fundamental resonant frequency by acoustic horn 811, resulting in acoustic wave 816 within the rod having two nodal points… Bias magnet 801 produces magnetic flux 802 extending axially through both nodal points developed within rod 800… The sum electromotive force of coils 820 and 821 develops electrical current and power in resistive load 830.”

    – But the patent doesn’t tell us who is going to volunteer blow the horn at the rod all day. Perhaps it will come with an elephant.

    Goldes claimed in 2008 that this wonderful triumph of human genius would bring his company, Magnetic Power Inc, one billion dollars in annual revenue by 2012. Magnetic Power Inc is now defunct, having never produced any “Magnetic Power Modules” – just as his company called “Room Temperature Superconductors Inc” is also now defunct, having never produced any “room temperature superconductors.”

  • Brad Arnold

    Check out above link to a 2 and a half minute youtube video of a CNN report. What are the odds that the independent testimony below is fraudulent (not bloody likely unless you are a paranoid conspiracy theorist)? Here is a silver bullet technology: clean cheap and abundant energy.

    In a joint statement, Dr. K.V. Ramanujachary, Rowan University Meritorious Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Dr. Amos Mugweru, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, and Dr. Peter Jansson P.E., Associate Professor of Engineering said, “In independent tests conducted over the past three months involving 10 solid fuels made by us from commercially-available chemicals, our team of engineering and chemistry professors, staff, and students at Rowan University has independently and consistently generated energy in excesses ranging from 1.2 times to 6.5 times the maximum theoretical heat available through known chemical reactions.”

    Also, check out this article: http://green.venturebeat.com/2008/05/30/blacklight-power-claims-nearly-free-energy-from-water-is-this-for-real/

    Brad Arnold

    St Louis Park, MN, USA

    dobermantmacleod@aol.com

    http://www.myspace.com/dobermanmacleod

  • Brad Arnold

    Check out above link to a 2 and a half minute youtube video of a CNN report. What are the odds that the independent testimony below is fraudulent (not bloody likely unless you are a paranoid conspiracy theorist)? Here is a silver bullet technology: clean cheap and abundant energy.

    In a joint statement, Dr. K.V. Ramanujachary, Rowan University Meritorious Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Dr. Amos Mugweru, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, and Dr. Peter Jansson P.E., Associate Professor of Engineering said, “In independent tests conducted over the past three months involving 10 solid fuels made by us from commercially-available chemicals, our team of engineering and chemistry professors, staff, and students at Rowan University has independently and consistently generated energy in excesses ranging from 1.2 times to 6.5 times the maximum theoretical heat available through known chemical reactions.”

    Also, check out this article: http://green.venturebeat.com/2008/05/30/blacklight-power-claims-nearly-free-energy-from-water-is-this-for-real/

    Brad Arnold

    St Louis Park, MN, USA

    dobermantmacleod@aol.com

    http://www.myspace.com/dobermanmacleod

  • Susan Kraemer

    …or barely exist!

    6 “utilities” with fewer than a million customers between them…?

  • Susan Kraemer

    …or barely exist!

    6 “utilities” with fewer than a million customers between them…?

  • Scott_T

    It wouldnt surprise me if this was all bogus. Either the companies involved know nothing of this agreement or they dont even exist.

  • Scott_T

    It wouldnt surprise me if this was all bogus. Either the companies involved know nothing of this agreement or they dont even exist.

  • Susan Kraemer

    No it was not “the best scientific minds in the civilized world” – It was the religious orthodoxy of the time — that the sun revolved around the world, because that’s where we should be as God’s creation at the center of the universe.

    When Galileo applied empirical scientific thinking, he proved things to be the opposite; that the world turned out to revolve around the sun. He was tortured for it, but the age of scientific thought began there anyway.

    “distrust of those in the scientific community who continually forecast doom and gloom just around the next corner.”

    Many religious conservatives refuse to accept climate science (“doom and gloom”)because they think it’s blasphemy to think God would let us destroy His creation – and that scientists are being presumptuous to think that it could happen.

    But there are other equally religious people who think that we must cherish God’s creation (which includes our descendants) and not leave this place a hell.

    But I agree with you the natural world is full of amazing surprises and we have barely begun to scratch the surface of it.

  • Susan Kraemer

    No it was not “the best scientific minds in the civilized world” – It was the religious orthodoxy of the time — that the sun revolved around the world, because that’s where we should be as God’s creation at the center of the universe.

    When Galileo applied empirical scientific thinking, he proved things to be the opposite; that the world turned out to revolve around the sun. He was tortured for it, but the age of scientific thought began there anyway.

    “distrust of those in the scientific community who continually forecast doom and gloom just around the next corner.”

    Many religious conservatives refuse to accept climate science (“doom and gloom”)because they think it’s blasphemy to think God would let us destroy His creation – and that scientists are being presumptuous to think that it could happen.

    But there are other equally religious people who think that we must cherish God’s creation (which includes our descendants) and not leave this place a hell.

    But I agree with you the natural world is full of amazing surprises and we have barely begun to scratch the surface of it.

  • Mr. Sinister

    “In an increasingly anti-science culture, scientific consensus doesn’t count for much”

    Once upon a time, the best scientific minds in the civilized world arrived at the consensus that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun revolved around it. Some time later, conventional wisdom held that the world was flat. The list of scientific bloopers throughout human history is endless. I can’t imagine why people would be somewhat skeptical of the latest and greatest ‘scientific consensus’.

    I would disagree that we live in an increasingly anti-science culture. People are not opposed to scientific discovery and advancement. What they are opposed to is the arrogance of the scientific community, and to the notion that their collective wisdom is indisputable. What you are beginning to see is simply a backlash against the worship of science above all else, and a growing distrust of those in the scientific community who continually forecast doom and gloom just around the next corner.

    The natural world is an amazing place, and we have barely begun to scratch the surface of it. Isn’t it rather foolish to mock this company’s work just because the ‘scientific consensus’ says that it’s impossible? A wise old physics professor of mine liked to say, “The more you know, the more you know you don’t know.” Perhaps our best and brightest don’t yet know enough to see that they don’t know everything.

  • Mr. Sinister

    “In an increasingly anti-science culture, scientific consensus doesn’t count for much”

    Once upon a time, the best scientific minds in the civilized world arrived at the consensus that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun revolved around it. Some time later, conventional wisdom held that the world was flat. The list of scientific bloopers throughout human history is endless. I can’t imagine why people would be somewhat skeptical of the latest and greatest ‘scientific consensus’.

    I would disagree that we live in an increasingly anti-science culture. People are not opposed to scientific discovery and advancement. What they are opposed to is the arrogance of the scientific community, and to the notion that their collective wisdom is indisputable. What you are beginning to see is simply a backlash against the worship of science above all else, and a growing distrust of those in the scientific community who continually forecast doom and gloom just around the next corner.

    The natural world is an amazing place, and we have barely begun to scratch the surface of it. Isn’t it rather foolish to mock this company’s work just because the ‘scientific consensus’ says that it’s impossible? A wise old physics professor of mine liked to say, “The more you know, the more you know you don’t know.” Perhaps our best and brightest don’t yet know enough to see that they don’t know everything.

  • James Craig

    If it works watch them go to another country that helps them grow.

  • James Craig

    If it works watch them go to another country that helps them grow.

  • http://www.byzipp.com/energy/excessHeat.htm Fran

    Math papers from Naudts in 2005 and Bourgoin in 2007 confirm the 137 fractional states claimed by Mills but they are both based on relativistic math. 2 objects can be stationary relative to each other spatially but through equivalence be displaced on the temporal axis. This suggests Mills catalyst Rayney Nickel which like all skeletal catalysts forms arrays of random sized Casimir cavities is forming sharp boundary “equivalence zones” where inside the cavity see outside the cavity similar to how we see an event horizon only without the need for all the mass and huge gravity well. The Bohr radius is never violated in 4D but can appear fractional in 3D through Lorentz contraction while minimum displacement kept on the temporal axis. http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/blog/7200-catalyst-and-casimir-cavity-property-sets-should-be-merged-23766.html

  • http://www.byzipp.com/energy/excessHeat.htm Fran

    Math papers from Naudts in 2005 and Bourgoin in 2007 confirm the 137 fractional states claimed by Mills but they are both based on relativistic math. 2 objects can be stationary relative to each other spatially but through equivalence be displaced on the temporal axis. This suggests Mills catalyst Rayney Nickel which like all skeletal catalysts forms arrays of random sized Casimir cavities is forming sharp boundary “equivalence zones” where inside the cavity see outside the cavity similar to how we see an event horizon only without the need for all the mass and huge gravity well. The Bohr radius is never violated in 4D but can appear fractional in 3D through Lorentz contraction while minimum displacement kept on the temporal axis. http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/blog/7200-catalyst-and-casimir-cavity-property-sets-should-be-merged-23766.html

  • http://www.chavaenergy.com Mark Goldes

    Chava Energy is also developing fractional Hydrogen technologies.

    The website has a couple of articles under the Heading HOW? that may be of interest.

    In addition to the one labeled fractional Hydrogen, just above it an article about a Self Powered Internal Combustion Engine – SPICE.

    Mills is correct in stating that, using fractional Hydrogen as fuel, a barrel of water can equal hundreds of barrels of oil.

  • http://www.chavaenergy.com Mark Goldes

    Chava Energy is also developing fractional Hydrogen technologies.

    The website has a couple of articles under the Heading HOW? that may be of interest.

    In addition to the one labeled fractional Hydrogen, just above it an article about a Self Powered Internal Combustion Engine – SPICE.

    Mills is correct in stating that, using fractional Hydrogen as fuel, a barrel of water can equal hundreds of barrels of oil.

Back to Top ↑