World’s Top 8 Bikeshare Programs

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Originally published on Icebike.

So, right off the bat, if you don’t know what a bikeshare is, it’s a program in which many bicycle stations are set up and people can rent a bike to use for a certain timeframe and return it at the same or a different station. It’s seen in many cities where cycling infrastructure is growing, and is considered an extremely important part of making cycling more accessible to people.

As cycling becomes more and more welcomed as a dominant method of inner-city travel in the first world, we’re going to see more and more of these bikeshares, as well as seeing the existing ones expand (hopefully they’ll be expanding my local bikeshare – there never seems to be a bike available when I need it!).

These days, everyone knows Europe is basically the king when it comes to cycling infrastructure, so logically, one would assume all the best bikeshare programs must also be in Europe. While many of them are, the rest of the world has also been stepping their cycling game up in recent decades. Below you’ll find a list of the world’s 8 best bikeshare programs by city (completely objective, of course). If you’re expecting Europe to dominate this list, then #1 and #2 will come as a shock to you.

1 – Hangzhou, China

The city of Hangzhou, with a population of around 7 million, boasts the world’s largest bikeshare program. In fact, no other bikeshare on earth touches the sheer numbers they have. Let’s take a tally. There are somewhere between 66,500 and 78,000 bicycles in their program, scattered across around 2700 stations.

There are so many city bikes that, in the downtown of the city, you can’t go 5 minutes without seeing one. But it gets better; the program is so successful that the local government has invested money to allow the Hangzhou Public Transport Corporation to expand. The invested amount is roughly the equivalent of 18.5 million UK pounds.

Because of the investment, the company has predicted that they will be operating with 175,000 bikes by 2020. Considering the program only started in 2008, I’d consider that some explosive expansion.

Despite the program’s insane success, there has been some minor controversy surrounding it; in 2010 an app was created which told users how many bikes were available at every station. While hailed among users as a real life-saver, Hangzhou Public Bicycle’s staff were not impressed. They claimed the data was taken illegally by the developers, and in 2012 they blocked Zhang Guangyu, the developers, from accessing the information, rendering the app useless.

2 – Taiyuan, China

Europe may be the main innovators when it comes to cycling infrastructure, but in terms of sheer volume and reach, China’s leading the way. I suppose it’s not really fair, since China’s population is nearly double the entire population of Europe, but Taiyuan is worth mentioning for its position as the current runner up to Hangzhou.

Part of the reason Taiyuan’s bikeshare belongs on this list is the fact that it’s expanded so much in so little time. In fact, it’s expanded so rapidly that nobody actually knows how many bikes are in their circulation, with estimates ranging from 20,000 to an impressive 41,000, and around 1000 stations. And it is still growing.

And it’s pretty easy to understand why too; it’s simple to use the bikes, and it’s cheap. In fact, it’s free as long as you use the bike for under an hour.

3 – Paris, France

When people call it the city of love, I don’t think a love of bicycles is what they have in mind. However, Paris earns the number 3 spot on this list because of how awesome their bikeshare program is. It’s not surprising that Paris has such a high spot here; France is one of the hearts of the international cycling community, and is a major player in cycling history.

The bike sharing program, called Vélib’, is the largest bikeshare outside of China, with around 20,000 bikes and over 1200 stations in their fleet. Bertrand Delanoë, who served as the mayor of Paris from 2001 to 2014, championed the creation of the bikeshare, which first debuted in July, 2007.

The program is wildly successful, and has set a great example for the rest of the world to follow. In 2011, its daily ridership was roughly 86,000 people, and that number has only grown since then. Vélib’ is often the program other cities point to when they attempt to sell the idea of a bikeshare in their municipality.

Vélib’ is not without its problems however. There is a rampant problem with theft and vandalism. Many bikes are discarded, stripped for parts, and/or abandoned in a state of disrepair. Many are stolen and sold elsewhere, with some of the bikes turning up in places as far away as Romania. The costs associated with the theft and vandalism were actually so much higher than originally projected that the program ended up losing money in its first 3 years in operation.

Despite that, the program has balanced itself out and is now considered a huge success. Delanoë himself considers it one of the biggest triumphs of his political career.

4 – Shanghai, China

China is just dominating this list. We’re at #4, and China’s been mentioned 3 times already. Shanghai’s wildly successful bikeshare program is brought to you by Forever Bike, who supply the city with its iconic (and aesthetically pleasing) orange bikes. The bikeshare has over 19,000 bikes in service and roughly 600 different stations in use.

The bikeshare program is very popular among tourists. The system might be a little hard to understand for those who are unfamiliar with how bikeshares works, but there are plenty of guides on how to rent one of the Forever Bikes, like this one from Time Out Shanghai.

Shanghai’s bikeshare benefits from the city’s modern infrastructure and massive population looking to avoid traffic. Like Beijing, part of the success of the bikeshare comes from the sheer volume of people living in the city. Shanghai has the highest population in the country with the most people on earth. There is a high demand for bicycles there. Could you imagine if everyone in Shanghai drove a car? And you thought New York had bad traffic!

Like most bikeshare programs, Shanghai’s comes from a co-operative effort between business and government. Like all bikeshares, there are a few downsides to Forever Bike’s orange fleet, but ultimately the program has been profitable and successful.

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5 – London, England

London’s bikeshare program started in 2010, and has grown enough to make this list. The London system used Vélib’ as a model, with Serco and the municipal government working together on the project to bring London’s bikeshare program to life. The program started with only 5000 Barclays bikes, but now they have over 11,000 bikes (sometimes affectionately named “Boris Bikes” after London mayor Boris Johnson) and are just shy of 750 stations.

The bikeshare has gotten all kinds of praise for its effectiveness and safety. For reasons that are not entirely clear, cyclists are significantly less likely to be injured while riding one of the Barclays, as opposed to an ordinary bike. The Road Danger Reduction Forum speculates that the reason might be attributed to motorists taking particular care to avoid accidents with these bikes.

In fact, there has only been one city bike rider to be killed while riding, and their death sparked a major push towards expanding London’s cycling infrastructure.

The bikeshare has been the subject of some controversy, however. Critics complained about the numerous start-up glitches that occurred, and declared that the service was lacking. They pointed to many flaws with how the service functioned on a fundamental level, including things like how the bikes were required to be docked at a station relatively close to where they were taken from, negating one of the most valuable benefits to cycling in the city, and brought up the fact that the original fleet of bikes were rather heavy and cumbersome, making them inconvenient.

Still, Serco addressed these concerns and upgraded their service and their fleet. There are still many critics, but London residents have noticed a vast improvement in the quality of the bikes and the service itself, since its original debut in 2010.

6 – New York City, USA

New York City was one of the first places in the USA to adapt a bikeshare program on a large scale. While their fleet, numbering at around 6000 bikes and 330 stations, is nowhere near the size seen in Paris and many Chinese cities, the Citi Bikes have certainly earned their spot on this list for a number of reasons. For starters, it is the largest bikeshare in the USA, even though it only started in 2013. There are expansion plans in place, designed to double the number of bikes on the street by 2017, officially making it bigger than London’s bikeshare.

Modeled after Montreal’s Bixi (which has claimed the #8 spot on this list), the Citi Bikes are efficient and well-received, with many New Yorkers happily welcoming the program. The Citi Bikes are praised for helping alleviate New York’s rampant traffic problems that have been the butt of jokes all around the world (though, in reality, as a frequent visitor to NYC, these days traffic isn’t that bad, as long as you avoid travelling at rush hour).

The Citi Bikes originally began without any subsidy from the municipal government, which is extremely rare for bikeshare programs. Most programs are a joint effort from local business sponsors and the government. Capitalists and fiscal conservatives have pointed to this as the reason for the Citi Bike’s impeccable quality and maintenance.

Like Paris however, the Citi Bikes have suffered all kinds of problems with vandalism and theft. Critics have also complained that, compared to other bikeshares around the world, the Citi Bikes are expensive to use.

7 – Barcelona, Spain

Ah, Barcelona. What a beautiful city. And just like how Barcelona is one of the best looking cities in Europe, their bikeshare bikes also have one of the most stylish designs we’ve seen on this list. Putting that aside however, Bicing, the Barcelona bikeshare program, didn’t earn a spot on this list for simply looking good.

Modeled after the Paris bikeshare, Bicing is designed to encourage cycling as a viable means of travel. Part of the reason for Bicing’s popularity is people’s growing concern with the environment. Praised as a powerful initiative to cut down on greenhouse gasses, Bicing has been well-received.

Critics, however, have blasted Bicing for being inaccessible. Indeed, the system is deliberately designed to be prevent tourists from using the bikes. While some feel this protects the Bicing bikes from the rampant vandalism problem that other bikeshares face, it raises an important question about whether or not these bikeshares should be accessible to as many people as possible or be members-only.

With that being said, Bicing has definitely proven itself as one of the best bikeshare programs in the world.

8 – Montreal, Canada

If you love art, French-Canadian culture, and the winter, Montreal is the city for you. But there’s another thing Montreal is known for; cyclists. That’s right, as soon as the snow is cleared, the bikes come out, and usually stay out right up until the roads turn into an icy wonderland that puts Disney’s Frozen to shame. But I digress. Montreal, as of Canada’s major bike-friendly cities, naturally decided to fund their own bike sharing system, called Bixi.

Bixi is one of the most well designed and effective bikeshares in the world. It’s up there with Vélib’ and Hangzhou’s bikeshare. It’s so good that many cities in the west have modeled their own bikeshares after Bixi, including NYC.

I’m sure you’ve already guessed, but the Bixi bikes have suffered all kinds of troubles with vandalism and theft, like most bikeshares (as an aside – what kind of jerk vandalizes a bike? That’s low).

The bikeshare consists of around 5200 bikes and 460 stations. Despite seeming small in comparison to other bikeshares on this list, Bixi’s annual ridership is well over 3 million, meaning Montreal’s cyclists are definitely getting their money’s worth out of the system.

Reprinted with permission.