That’s incorrect, as Bill pointed out. You could say “solar panels are made of silicon which is just chemically reduced sand.”

That is to say that sand is silicon dioxide, while solar panels are (almost) pure silicon. There’s a drastic difference in processing to simply melt sand compared to removing those two oxygen atoms from the silicon in sand.

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“The sun strikes every square meter of our planet with more than 1,360 watts of power”

The sun strikes the cross-section of the planet with that power. Since the Earth is a sphere, divide by 4. (pi r^2 vs. 4pi r^2)

“terrawatts” should be terawatts.

“17 gigawatts is equivalent to 17 nuclear power plants”

With a capacity factor of 10-30%, 17 GW of solar PV is equivalent to ~4 1-GW nuclear reactors, or ~2 two-reactor nuclear plants.

“Solar panels are made of Silicone which is just melted sand.”

Solar panels are made of silicon; the processing of which is a bit more involved.

“The amount of energy we receive from the sun in one day is:
1.5 x 10 the 22 power Joules
translates to:
4.6 quadrillion kW/h
which looks like this:
4,166,666,667,000,000
(4.16 quadrillion)
At $.015 per kw/H that is worth:
$625,000,000,000,000″

1.5 e22 J = 1.5 e22 J / 3600 s/h = 4.17 e15 kW-h of thermal energy.
If that were electrical energy,
4.17 e15 kW(e)-h * 0.15 $/kW-h = $625 e12.

But 89 PW * 3600 s/h * 24 h = 7.7 e21 J of heat = 2.14 e15 kW(th)-h
~~> 3.2 e14 kW(e)-h at 15% efficiency
~~> $48 e12 at 0.15 $/kW-h

“17 gigawatts produces 224,400,000,000 kW/h [224.4 TW-h] of energy …”

17 GW = 17 GW * 8766 h/yr = 149 TW-h per year.
I can’t figure out how they got a bigger number. 224.4 / 17 = 13.2, but what’s that?
For 17 GW of solar, multiply by the capacity factor.